Must et have to : l'obligation et l'interdiction

Complète avec can, can’t, must ou mustn’t selon le sens donné.

1. I remember to water the plants. (obligation personnelle)
   obligation → must.
2. Passengers lean out of the window. (interdiction)
   interdiction → mustn’t (can’t est possible aussi).
3. We hurry, the film starts in five minutes! (obligation)
   il le faut → must.
4. Children swim without an adult. (interdiction)
   interdiction → mustn’t (ou can’t).
5. I sit in the front seat, please? (demander la permission)
   demande de permission → Can I…?
6. Sorry, you come in, the shop is closed. (refus de permission)
   permission refusée → can’t.

Transforme le panneau en une phrase complète qui commence par You.

1. NO FOOD OR DRINK →
   NO… → You mustn’t eat or drink here.
2. KEEP TO THE PATH →
   une consigne → You must keep to the path.
3. SHOES OFF →
   une consigne → You must take your shoes off.
4. NO HORSE RIDING →
   NO… → You mustn’t ride horses here.

Chaque phrase contient une erreur : récris-la correctement.

1. She cans borrow my scooter. →
   Pas de -s au modal : She can borrow my scooter.
2. Do we must sign the register? →
   Pas de do avec un modal : Must we sign the register? (ou Do we have to…?, cas 2)
3. You mustn't to touch the wires. →
   Pas de to après mustn’t : You mustn’t touch the wires.
4. — Can I come with you? — Yes, you do. →
   La réponse courte reprend le modal : Yes, you can.

Complète avec have to ou has to.

1. Nurses wear a uniform.
   nurses = they → have to.
2. My cousin take two buses to get to school.
   my cousin = he ou she → has to.
3. I visit the dentist on Thursday.
   I → have to.
4. Mr Patel open his shop at seven every morning.
   Mr Patel = he → has to.
5. You show your ticket at the entrance.
   you → have to.

Mets la phrase à la forme négative avec don’t ou doesn’t have to.

1. She has to cook tonight. →
   She doesn’t have to cook tonight. — has redevient have après doesn’t.
2. We have to book a table. →
   We don’t have to book a table.
3. Tom has to wear a tie at work. →
   Tom doesn’t have to wear a tie at work.
4. I have to finish this today. →
   I don’t have to finish this today.

Transforme en question avec do ou does (ou réponds court quand c’est demandé).

1. You have to leave early. →
   Do you have to leave early?
2. Amy has to practise the violin every day. →
   Does Amy have to practise the violin every day? — does + have to (pas has).
3. They have to pay for the tickets. →
   Do they have to pay for the tickets?
4. He has to walk the dog. (what time) →
   What time does he have to walk the dog? — mot interrogatif + does + sujet + have to.
5. Do your parents have to work at weekends? (non) →
   Réponse courte avec do : No, they don’t.

Complète avec must, have to ou has to selon qui décide (indice entre parenthèses).

1. I drink more water, I always feel tired. (ma décision)
   C’est moi qui décide → must.
2. In Britain, people be 17 to drive a car. (la loi)
   La loi → have to.
3. My brother wear a brace for two years. (le dentiste l’a dit)
   Quelqu’un d’autre l’impose ; my brother = he → has to.
4. You visit the castle, it’s amazing! (conseil fort)
   Conseil fort de celui qui parle → must (à l’oral, You have to visit… s’entend aussi pour un conseil enthousiaste).
5. Our teacher says we hand in the project on Friday. (le professeur l’impose)
   Une règle extérieure → have to.

Traduis en choisissant must ou have to.

1. « Je dois arrêter de me ronger les ongles. » (c’est ma décision) →
   Ma décision → I must stop biting my nails.
2. « Mon père doit partir à six heures pour prendre son train. » (c’est l’horaire du train) →
   L’horaire du train impose → My dad has to leave at six to catch his train.
3. « Tu dois lire ce livre, il est génial ! » →
   Conseil fort de celui qui parle → You must read this book, it’s great! (à l’oral, on entend aussi You have to read… pour un conseil enthousiaste)

Chaque phrase contient une erreur : récris-la correctement.

1. He musts finish before six. →
   must est invariable : He must finish before six.
2. Do you must wear a helmet? →
   Pas de do avec must : Do you have to wear a helmet? (ou Must you wear a helmet?, plus soutenu).
3. Does your dad has to work on Sundays? →
   Après does : have → Does your dad have to work on Sundays?
4. She have to tidy her room. →
   she → She has to tidy her room.

Complète avec mustn’t, don’t have to ou doesn’t have to selon le sens.

1. You shout, I can hear you perfectly.
   Pas nécessaire → don’t have to.
2. You cheat during the test.
   Interdit → mustn’t.
3. We bring food, lunch is included.
   Pas la peine → don’t have to.
4. Drivers use their phones at the wheel.
   Interdiction → mustn’t.
5. She come if she is tired, it’s not compulsory.
   Pas obligée ; she → doesn’t have to.

Traduis en anglais avec mustn’t ou don’t / doesn’t have to.

1. « Il ne faut pas que tu oublies ton passeport ! » →
   Interdiction (ce serait grave) → You mustn’t forget your passport!
2. « Tu n’es pas obligée de répondre tout de suite. » →
   Absence d’obligation → You don’t have to answer right now.
3. « Elle n’est pas obligée d’apporter un gâteau. » →
   she → She doesn’t have to bring a cake.
4. « Il est interdit de plonger du pont. » →
   Interdiction → You mustn’t dive from the bridge.

La phrase dit le contraire de ce qu’elle veut dire : remplace la forme fausse et récris la phrase.

1. The bus is free on Sundays: you mustn't buy a ticket. →
   Gratuit le dimanche = pas la peine d’acheter un billet → you don’t have to buy a ticket.
2. The ice is thin: you don't have to skate on the lake. →
   Glace fine = danger, c’est interdit → you mustn’t skate on the lake.
3. It's the holidays, so I mustn't set my alarm. →
   Vacances = pas besoin du réveil → I don’t have to set my alarm.
4. The baby is asleep: you don't have to make noise. →
   Il ne faut pas réveiller le bébé → you mustn’t make noise.

Mets la phrase au passé.

1. I have to wear a cast for six weeks. →
   I had to wear a cast for six weeks.
2. We don't have to wait. →
   We didn’t have to wait.
3. Does he have to sell his car? →
   Did he have to sell his car? — did + have to.
4. They must take a taxi. →
   must n’a pas de passé : They had to take a taxi.

Mets la phrase au futur avec will.

1. You have to be patient. →
   You’ll have to be patient. (will have to)
2. She doesn't have to change buses. →
   She won’t have to change buses.
3. Do we have to take an exam? →
   Will we have to take an exam?
4. I must learn to cook. →
   must n’a pas de futur : I’ll have to learn to cook.

Chaque phrase contient une erreur : récris-la correctement.

1. Last week I must go to the dentist. →
   last week → passé : Last week I had to go to the dentist.
2. Next summer, my brother will must find a job. →
   will must n’existe pas : Next summer, my brother will have to find a job.
3. Did you had to queue? →
   Après did : have → Did you have to queue?
4. We musted leave early. →
   « musted » n’existe pas : We had to leave early.