Lycée · 1ʳᵉ · Anglais (LVA)
L'hypothèse et les conditionnels (types 1, 2, 3)
Exprimer des conditions réelles, hypothétiques et contrefactuelles en anglais — programme de 1re LVA (lycée général)
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Les 36 questions du QCM en version texte
Pour réviser sans écran ou imprimer : chaque question avec ses propositions ; la bonne réponse et son explication se déplient.
Niveau facile — 12 questions
Quelle est la structure correcte du conditionnel de type 1 ?
- A. If + prétérit, would + BV
- B. If + présent simple, will + BV
- C. If + past perfect, would have + PP
- D. If + présent simple, would + BV
Réponse
B. If + présent simple, will + BV — Type 1 : If + présent simple → will + BV. Le type 2 utilise le prétérit.
Complétez : 'If she ___ hard, she will pass.'
- A. studies
- B. studied
- C. will study
- D. would study
Réponse
A. studies — Type 1 : présent simple dans la subordonnée if, même si l'action est future.
Laquelle de ces phrases est un conditionnel de type 2 ?
- A. If it rains, we will stay inside.
- B. If I were rich, I would travel.
- C. If he had studied, he would have passed.
- D. Unless you hurry, you'll miss the bus.
Réponse
B. If I were rich, I would travel. — Type 2 : prétérit (were) + would + BV. Expression d'une hypothèse irréelle au présent.
'If I ___ you, I would apologize.' — Quelle forme de 'to be' est correcte en registre formel ?
- A. am
- B. was
- C. were
- D. will be
Réponse
C. were — Dans le conditionnel de type 2 formel, on utilise 'were' à toutes les personnes.
Que signifie 'unless' ?
- A. si jamais
- B. même si
- C. si… ne… pas
- D. à moins que ce soit
Réponse
C. si… ne… pas — Unless = if … not. 'Unless you study' = 'If you don't study'.
Complétez : 'If they ___ earlier, they wouldn't have missed the flight.'
- A. had left
- B. left
- C. would leave
- D. have left
Réponse
A. had left — Type 3 : past perfect (had + PP) dans la subordonnée if.
Quel temps est utilisé dans la principale d'un conditionnel de type 3 ?
- A. will + BV
- B. would + BV
- C. would have + PP
- D. had + PP
Réponse
C. would have + PP — Type 3 principale : would have + participe passé.
'If it rains, I will take an umbrella.' — Quel type est cette phrase ?
- A. Type 1
- B. Type 2
- C. Type 3
- D. Mixed conditional
Réponse
A. Type 1 — Présent simple + will + BV → type 1, hypothèse réelle.
Laquelle de ces phrases contient une erreur ?
- A. If it snows, we will build a snowman.
- B. If I had money, I would buy a car.
- C. If it will rain, we will stay home.
- D. If she had studied, she would have passed.
Réponse
C. If it will rain, we will stay home. — On ne met jamais 'will' dans la subordonnée en 'if' de type 1 : 'if it rains' est correct.
'Provided that you study hard, you will succeed.' — Ce connecteur équivaut à :
- A. unless
- B. as long as / if
- C. in case
- D. supposing
Réponse
B. as long as / if — Provided that = as long as = if (condition stricte).
Complétez : 'What would you do if you ___ the lottery?'
- A. win
- B. will win
- C. won
- D. have won
Réponse
C. won — Type 2 : prétérit (won) dans la subordonnée, would + BV dans la principale.
Le conditionnel de type 3 exprime principalement :
- A. Une condition probable dans le futur
- B. Une hypothèse contraire à la réalité présente
- C. Un regret ou une conséquence hypothétique passée
- D. Un conseil ou une obligation
Réponse
C. Un regret ou une conséquence hypothétique passée — Type 3 = contrefactuel passé : on imagine ce qui aurait pu se passer différemment.
Niveau moyen — 12 questions
'If she ___ (work) harder, she ___ (get) promoted.' Quelle forme est correcte pour un type 2 ?
- A. works / will get
- B. worked / would get
- C. had worked / would have gotten
- D. works / would get
Réponse
B. worked / would get — Type 2 : prétérit (worked) + would + BV (would get).
Transformez en type 3 : 'If he studies, he will pass.' → 'If he ___, he ___ .'
- A. studied / would pass
- B. had studied / would have passed
- C. studied / would have passed
- D. had studied / would pass
Réponse
B. had studied / would have passed — Type 3 : had + PP + would have + PP.
'Unless you ___ (apologize), she won't forgive you.' Quel est le temps correct ?
- A. apologize
- B. apologized
- C. would apologize
- D. will apologize
Réponse
A. apologize — Unless + présent simple (équivalent type 1 avec unless = if … not).
Quelle phrase est un mixed conditional (passé → présent) ?
- A. If he studies more, he will pass.
- B. If I had taken that job, I would be rich now.
- C. If she worked harder, she would succeed.
- D. If they had left, they would have arrived on time.
Réponse
B. If I had taken that job, I would be rich now. — 'If I had taken that job' (past perfect = passé) + 'I would be rich now' (would + BV = présent) → mixed 3→2.
'In case' est synonyme de :
- A. if
- B. unless
- C. par précaution / au cas où
- D. à condition que
Réponse
C. par précaution / au cas où — 'In case' exprime une précaution préventive, pas une condition directe comme 'if'.
Complétez : 'If the weather ___ better, we ___ to the park yesterday.' [type 3]
- A. was / would go
- B. had been / would have gone
- C. were / would go
- D. is / will go
Réponse
B. had been / would have gone — Type 3 : had been + would have gone.
Quelle phrase utilise 'as long as' correctement ?
- A. I'll lend you money as long as you don't repay me.
- B. You can stay as long as you are quiet.
- C. As long as it rains, we'll go out.
- D. As long as he had studied, he would have passed.
Réponse
B. You can stay as long as you are quiet. — As long as = du moment que / à condition que (sens positif).
Laquelle de ces phrases exprime un regret sur le passé ?
- A. If you study, you'll pass.
- B. If I were taller, I would play basketball.
- C. If she had called me, I would have helped her.
- D. Unless you hurry, you'll miss the train.
Réponse
C. If she had called me, I would have helped her. — 'If she had called me, I would have helped her' = type 3, regret passé.
'Supposing you ___ (have) one wish — what would it be?' Quel temps est correct ?
- A. have
- B. had
- C. will have
- D. would have
Réponse
B. had — Supposing + prétérit = type 2 (hypothèse irréelle).
Choisissez la bonne correction : 'If I was richer, I would travel more.'
- A. Correct comme tel
- B. If I am richer, I will travel more.
- C. If I were richer, I would travel more.
- D. If I had been richer, I would have traveled more.
Réponse
C. If I were richer, I would travel more. — Registre formel/scolaire : 'were' est requis en type 2 avec 'I'.
'He ___ have told us if he had known.' Quel modal convient ?
- A. will
- B. would
- C. should
- D. must
Réponse
B. would — Type 3 principale : would have + PP. 'He would have told us.'
Quelle phrase contient une double négation incorrecte avec 'unless' ?
- A. Unless you study, you will fail.
- B. Unless she doesn't apologize, he won't forgive her.
- C. Unless they hurry, they'll miss the bus.
- D. Unless it stops raining, we'll stay inside.
Réponse
B. Unless she doesn't apologize, he won't forgive her. — Unless = if … not. On ne rajoute pas 'not' après unless : 'Unless she apologizes' est correct.
Niveau difficile — 12 questions
Laquelle de ces phrases est un mixed conditional de type 2→3 ?
- A. If he had studied, he would be successful now.
- B. If she were braver, she would have spoken up.
- C. If I had the money, I would buy a house.
- D. If they had left, they would have arrived on time.
Réponse
B. If she were braver, she would have spoken up. — Type 2→3 : condition présente/caractéristique (were) + conséquence passée (would have + PP).
Quelle nuance exprime 'might' dans la principale d'un conditionnel ?
- A. Certitude
- B. Possibilité incertaine
- C. Obligation
- D. Permission accordée
Réponse
B. Possibilité incertaine — 'Might' dans la principale exprime une possibilité hypothétique moins certaine que 'would'.
'If I ___ (be) you, I ___ (not accept) that offer.' — Type 2, registre formel.
- A. was / wouldn't accept
- B. were / wouldn't accept
- C. am / won't accept
- D. had been / wouldn't have accepted
Réponse
B. were / wouldn't accept — Type 2 formel : 'were' + 'would not + BV'.
Quelle est la différence entre 'if I were to leave' et 'if I left' ?
- A. Aucune différence
- B. 'Were to' rend l'hypothèse plus formelle ou plus distante
- C. 'Were to' indique le passé
- D. 'Were to' s'emploie uniquement avec 'I'
Réponse
B. 'Were to' rend l'hypothèse plus formelle ou plus distante — 'If + were to + BV' est une construction formelle qui insiste sur le caractère hypothétique et éventuel de la condition.
Réécrivez correctement : 'If she would have studied, she would have passed.'
- A. Si tel quel (correct)
- B. If she had studied, she would have passed.
- C. If she studied, she would pass.
- D. If she studies, she will pass.
Réponse
B. If she had studied, she would have passed. — Dans la subordonnée en 'if' de type 3, on emploie le past perfect (had + PP), jamais 'would have'.
'On condition that he ___ (sign) the contract, the deal will proceed.' Type 1 : forme correcte ?
- A. signs
- B. signed
- C. would sign
- D. will sign
Réponse
A. signs — 'On condition that' fonctionne comme 'if' : présent simple dans la subordonnée pour le type 1.
Quel effet produit 'should' dans 'If you should need help, call me'?
- A. Rend la condition plus probable
- B. Rend la condition plus formelle et moins probable
- C. Exprime un regret
- D. Est identique à 'if you will need'
Réponse
B. Rend la condition plus formelle et moins probable — 'If + should + BV' est une construction formelle qui atténue la probabilité de la condition.
Complétez le mixed conditional : 'If he ___ (not be) so shy, he ___ (ask) her out last year.'
- A. isn't / would ask
- B. weren't / would have asked
- C. hadn't been / would ask
- D. had not been / would have asked
Réponse
B. weren't / would have asked — Mixed 2→3 : prétérit (weren't = condition présente) + would have + PP (conséquence passée).
'Had I known about the problem, I would have fixed it.' Cette phrase est :
- A. Une erreur grammaticale
- B. Une inversion formelle du type 3 sans 'if'
- C. Un mixed conditional
- D. Un conditionnel de type 1 inversé
Réponse
B. Une inversion formelle du type 3 sans 'if' — L'inversion sujet-auxiliaire ('Had I…') remplace 'if' dans un registre formel ou littéraire. Même sens que 'If I had known…'
Dans 'I'll call you in case something goes wrong', quel est le rôle de 'in case' ?
- A. Exprime une condition directe comme 'if'
- B. Exprime une précaution préventive
- C. Équivaut à 'unless'
- D. Introduit un conditionnel de type 2
Réponse
B. Exprime une précaution préventive — 'In case' = au cas où / par précaution. Ce n'est pas une condition directe mais une mesure préventive.
Parmi ces phrases, laquelle exprime la nuance la plus improbable ?
- A. If it rains, I will take an umbrella.
- B. If I won the lottery, I would travel.
- C. Were I to become president, I would reform the system.
- D. If he had studied, he would have passed.
Réponse
C. Were I to become president, I would reform the system. — 'Were I to become president' est la plus distante / irréelle : construction formelle type 2 avec 'were to'.
'Providing that all goes well, we ___ (launch) the project next month.' Type 1 :
- A. will launch
- B. would launch
- C. would have launched
- D. have launched
Réponse
A. will launch — 'Providing that' fonctionne comme 'if' (type 1) : principale au futur simple (will + BV).
Cours particuliers de anglais (lva) à Marseille, en présentiel ou à distance — un prof qui s'adapte à ton rythme et reprend ce qui coince.
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