Ressources · 1ʳᵉ · Anglais (LVA)
L'hypothèse et les conditionnels (types 1, 2, 3)
Exprimer des conditions réelles, hypothétiques et contrefactuelles en anglais — programme de 1re LVA (lycée général)
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Cette activité de compréhension sur « L'hypothèse et les conditionnels (types 1, 2, 3) » en première entraîne à lire, analyser et répondre à des questions en anglais (LVA). Elle suit le programme officiel de première. Au programme : Rappel : la proposition conditionnelle (if-clause), Conditionnel de type 1 — hypothèse réelle, Conditionnel de type 2 — hypothèse irréelle (présent / futur), Conditionnel de type 3 — contrefactuel (passé). Lis le document, réponds puis vérifie immédiatement tes réponses pour progresser. Un bon moyen de travailler la méthode, d'enrichir son vocabulaire et de préparer les contrôles. Ressource gratuite proposée par un professeur particulier à Marseille pour réussir en anglais (LVA) en première.
1Lisez attentivement ce texte, puis répondez aux questions.
Climate Change: The Decisions That Could Change Everything
Scientists warn that if global temperatures rise by more than 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, the consequences for our planet will be devastating. Coral reefs will bleach, sea levels will rise, and extreme weather events will become more frequent. This is a classic Type 1 conditional scenario: the condition is still possible, but action must be taken now.
In a recent interview, environmental activist Priya Mehta stated: "If governments invested seriously in renewable energy, we would reduce carbon emissions by 50% within a decade." Her statement reflects a Type 2 conditional — a hypothesis that is possible but currently unlikely given the pace of political change.
Historians, meanwhile, point to past inaction: "If world leaders had signed binding agreements in the 1990s, we would not have lost so much biodiversity by now." This regret-filled Type 3 conditional reminds us how past decisions still shape our present reality.
The lesson is clear: the choices we make today will determine the world we will inhabit tomorrow. Unless bold action is taken, future generations may inherit a planet very different from the one we know.
Scientists warn that if global temperatures rise by more than 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, the consequences for our planet will be devastating. Coral reefs will bleach, sea levels will rise, and extreme weather events will become more frequent. This is a classic Type 1 conditional scenario: the condition is still possible, but action must be taken now.
In a recent interview, environmental activist Priya Mehta stated: "If governments invested seriously in renewable energy, we would reduce carbon emissions by 50% within a decade." Her statement reflects a Type 2 conditional — a hypothesis that is possible but currently unlikely given the pace of political change.
Historians, meanwhile, point to past inaction: "If world leaders had signed binding agreements in the 1990s, we would not have lost so much biodiversity by now." This regret-filled Type 3 conditional reminds us how past decisions still shape our present reality.
The lesson is clear: the choices we make today will determine the world we will inhabit tomorrow. Unless bold action is taken, future generations may inherit a planet very different from the one we know.
2Questions
Q1 Identify the Type 1 conditional in the first paragraph and explain what it implies about the situation.
The Type 1 conditional is 'If global temperatures rise by more than 1.5°C, the consequences will be devastating.' It implies that the condition is still possible — temperatures could rise if no action is taken — and that the outcome is a direct, probable consequence.Q2 What does Priya Mehta's statement ('If governments invested… we would reduce…') suggest about her view of current government policy?
Her use of a Type 2 conditional (preterite + would) suggests she considers serious government investment in renewable energy as currently unlikely or hypothetical. She sees it as desirable but not happening at the necessary scale.Q3 Find the Type 3 conditional spoken by historians and rewrite it in the positive (i.e., imagine the condition WAS met).
La phrase contrefactuelle exprime un regret sur le passé.Q4 Find and explain the use of 'unless' in the last paragraph.
'Unless bold action is taken' means 'if bold action is not taken'. It introduces a negative condition: the lack of action will lead to future generations inheriting a degraded planet. 'Unless' reinforces the urgency of the message.Q5 In your own words, how do the three types of conditionals used in this text reflect different time perspectives and degrees of possibility?
Type 1 (temperatures rise → consequences will follow) deals with a real future possibility. Type 2 (governments invested → we would reduce emissions) imagines an unlikely but possible present/future scenario. Type 3 (leaders had signed → we would not have lost biodiversity) looks back at a missed opportunity in the past. Together they show past regret, present hypothesis, and future warning.Voir le corrigé
- Réponse libre — exemple : The Type 1 conditional is 'If global temperatures rise by more than 1.5°C, the consequences will be devastating.' It implies that the condition is still possible — temperatures could rise if no action is taken — and that the outcome is a direct, probable consequence.
- Réponse libre — exemple : Her use of a Type 2 conditional (preterite + would) suggests she considers serious government investment in renewable energy as currently unlikely or hypothetical. She sees it as desirable but not happening at the necessary scale.
- If world leaders had signed binding agreements in the 1990s, we would not have lost so much biodiversity. — La phrase contrefactuelle exprime un regret sur le passé.
- Réponse libre — exemple : 'Unless bold action is taken' means 'if bold action is not taken'. It introduces a negative condition: the lack of action will lead to future generations inheriting a degraded planet. 'Unless' reinforces the urgency of the message.
- Réponse libre — exemple : Type 1 (temperatures rise → consequences will follow) deals with a real future possibility. Type 2 (governments invested → we would reduce emissions) imagines an unlikely but possible present/future scenario. Type 3 (leaders had signed → we would not have lost biodiversity) looks back at a missed opportunity in the past. Together they show past regret, present hypothesis, and future warning.
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Moi c'est Ben, j'ai créé ce site pour aider le plus d'élèves possible, partout en France. Je peux aussi reprendre avec toi ce qui coince en cours particulier : en visio, ou à domicile si tu es à Marseille.
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