Mondialisation et échanges

Exercice 1 — Reading comprehension
1) Maya sells coffee in her Bristol shop; it symbolises globalisation because every element comes from a different country: 'Ethiopian beans, roasted in Italy, sold by a Dutch importer and brewed on a machine assembled in China', summed up by 'My counter is a map of the world.' (Award 1 pt for the product, 1 pt for a relevant quote.) 2) She was proud because she sourced her coffee 'from a fair-trade cooperative' where 'the farmers... were paid a decent price for their harvest' — an ethical, fair supply chain. 3) The cooperative 'collapsed' because 'a larger company had flooded the market with cheaper beans, and the small farmers could no longer compete' — global competition crushed the small producers. 4) 'I am part of it, whether I like it or not.' (Accept also 'I have stopped pretending I know where everything truly comes from.') 5) Expected: the same global system that gives Maya cheap, varied coffee is also the one that ruins the very farmers she once supported. Globalisation brings her benefits (choice, low prices, world on her shelves) but its mechanisms (price competition, opaque supply chains) exploit and destroy small producers — and she cannot opt out. Reward any nuanced answer linking the personal benefit to the wider human cost.

Exercice 2 — Vocabulary and grammar in context
1) 'Thousands of jobs have been moved abroad.' (have been + past participle). 2) 'however' (or 'nevertheless' / 'on the other hand'). 3) 'the internet has transformed the way we trade and communicate.' (process still relevant → present perfect). 4) 'outsourcing' or 'offshoring' (delocalisation also accepted).

Exercice 3 — Written expression
Expected points: a clear, nuanced thesis (not a flat 'good/bad'); a balanced structure (arguments for / against / personal stance); at least two concrete examples (a company, a country, a personal experience); chapter lexicon used accurately (supply chain, wealth gap, outsourcing, soft power, multiculturalism, hybridisation); correct present perfect and passive; logical connectors (however, moreover, due to, although, on balance).

Sample (subject A): "It is often argued that globalisation benefits the few and harms the many. There is some truth in this. Multinational companies have outsourced jobs to low-wage countries, and the wealth gap between the richest and the poorest has widened. Goods are produced in sweatshops where workers are paid far too little. However, I cannot fully agree. Globalisation has also lifted millions out of poverty in countries such as India, given access to global knowledge, and allowed cultures to mix and enrich one another, as Afrobeats has shown by topping charts in London and New York. On balance, the problem is not globalisation itself but the way it is regulated. If trade were fairer and supply chains more transparent, its benefits could reach far more people." (≈135 words) Reward structure, examples and accurate language.